This seminar is taught by Prof.Federica Genovese (Reader at Essex University). It provides an overview of the political economy and political mechanisms that engineered EU climate policy in the past decades. It focuses on the groups of actors that have shaped the EU’s neoliberal and industrial climate policy, and reviews how members states’ politics has affected the speed of climate policy adoption and implementation, as in the case of National Recovery and Resilience plans and the 2035 petrol car ban.